Flowers and Flower-Gardens With an Appendix of Practical Instructions and Useful Information Respecting the Anglo-Indian Flower-Garden — Inside the Classic

A Self-Conscious Structure

Richardson repeatedly acknowledges his book's fragmentary character, warning readers it may seem 'ill-connected.' The text moves without transition from a discussion of daisies to a full reprint of Burns's 'To a Mountain Daisy,' then to Mrs. Stowe's observations on American versus English flowers. This mosaic method is deliberate: Richardson aims to 'sweeten the edge of the cup' for readers in Bengal, mixing instruction with amusement. The result is a work that feels like a conversation rather than a treatise, with the author's voice constantly interjecting to explain his choices or lament unavailable books.

Recurring Images: Stars and Constellations

A striking pattern in the excerpts is the comparison of flowers to celestial bodies. Shelley calls daisies 'those pearled Arcturi of the earth' and 'the constellated flower that never sets.' Richardson himself describes the daisy's seeds as 'broadcast on the land' and its blooms as 'little mimic stars' sprinkling fields. This astronomical imagery recurs in the preface's mention of 'visions of riches beyond my reach' and the author's sense of writing under distant, unattainable stars—the London catalogues he cannot consult. The metaphor links the local, humble flower to a universal order, subtly elevating gardening into a cosmic act.

Movement Between Worlds: Calcutta and England

The book's geography is as restless as its structure. Richardson writes for 'brother exiles' in Calcutta, addressing both European residents and 'Native friends' educated at Government Colleges. He anticipates London critics, begging them to remember he writes for a different community. This dual audience shapes his choices: he dwells on the 'mythology and language of flowers' because he believes it will attract local readers. The text shuttles between English poets (Chaucer, Wordsworth, Burns) and Indian practicalities, between the 'merry month of May' of Chaucer's England and the monsoon season of Bengal. Even the appendix on the 'Anglo-Indian Flower-Garden' signals this constant negotiation between two climates and cultures.

The Poet's Senses: Smell and Its Absence

In a remarkable digression, Richardson discusses Wordsworth's lack of smell and Miss Martineau's temporary recovery of the faculty. He notes that the Lesser Celandine is 'inodorous,' and that to Wordsworth this was no objection. This anecdote does more than illustrate biography: it highlights the book's own sensory preoccupations. Richardson repeatedly invokes fragrance, color, and texture, yet his sources often describe flowers visually or poetically rather than olfactorily. The tension between the ideal flower of literature and the actual, scented flower of the garden runs through the text, mirroring the gap between English poetic tradition and Indian horticultural reality.

Readers approaching this volume should expect neither a systematic botany nor a straightforward gardening manual. Richardson's 'gossip' rewards those who follow its digressions—from Chaucer's daisy to Burns's plough, from Calcutta's libraries to London's unattainable books. The appendix on Anglo-Indian gardening offers practical counterpoint to the literary flights. Best read in short sessions, letting each quotation and observation settle before the next turn of the conversation.